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Over the last decades of the 20th and the start of the 21st century, the main features of changes in public administration have involved the evolution of traditional forms of such administration into postmodern public governance systems. This paper examines the evolution of public governance theory and practice. The underlying research question is: what is metagovernance and what structure does it take (in terms of the governance of governance)? To answer this, the article uses meta-analysis, theoretical modelling, comparative analysis, and interpretative and prognostic methods as a basis to evaluate many definitions of new public governance. The description of the development of metagovernance connects and combines the line of new forms and doctrines of public governance as good, smart governance, post new public management and new public services. All these theoretical definitions and models of new forms of transformation of governance can be characterised as forms, subsystems or elements of basic metagovernance systems. The term "metagovernance" encompasses the complexity of modern governance and suggests including hierarchies, market and network forms of governance. Metagovernance can be defined as a mutual, hybrid form of three ideal types of governance in the 21st century. The concept combines the best features of theory and governance practice from traditional public administration, new public management and postmodern forms of new public governance. ; Straipsnyje analizuojama metavaldymo, kaip XXI a. viešojo valdymo doktrinos, formavimosi prielaidos. XXI a. pradžioje viešojo administravimo teorija, veikiama globalių pokyčių, vykstančių viešojo valdymo sisteminių-procesinių modernizavimo reformų, leidžia viešojo valdymo teoretikams ir praktikams pateikti platų pokyčių procesus ir jų rezultatus viešojo valdymo sferoje įvardijančios terminijos spektrą. Dažniausiai sutinkami XXI a. viešąjį valdymą charakterizuojantys terminai yra: "geras", "daugialygis", "sumanus" valdymas ir kt. Juos konstruojantys autoriai neretai yra linkę orientuotis į mezo ir makro lygmens reformas, inovacines viešojo valdymo kaitos formas. Straipsnio autoriaus nuomone, XXI a. viešojo valdymo specifiką, visų pirma, jo kompleksines charakteristikas ir reikšmes pilniau atskleidžia metavaldymo terminas, turintis žymiai platesnes jungtis su anksčiau egzistavusių viešojo administravimo paradigmų ir doktrinų išliekamąja ir vertinga patirtimi, kuri praturtina XXI a. pradžios viešojo valdymo struktūrą ir turinį, leidžia geriau identifikuoti itin sparčios viešojo valdymo evoliucijos problemas ir prognozuoti galimas jo kaitos kryptis ir tendencijas.

Over the last decades of the 20th and the start of the 21st century, the main features of changes in public administration have involved the evolution of traditional forms of such administration into postmodern public governance systems. This paper examines the evolution of public governance theory and practice. The underlying research question is: what is metagovernance and what structure does it take (in terms of the governance of governance)? To answer this, the article uses meta-analysis, theoretical modelling, comparative analysis, and interpretative and prognostic methods as a basis to evaluate many definitions of new public governance. The description of the development of metagovernance connects and combines the line of new forms and doctrines of public governance as good, smart governance, post new public management and new public services. All these theoretical definitions and models of new forms of transformation of governance can be characterised as forms, subsystems or elements of basic metagovernance systems. The term "metagovernance" encompasses the complexity of modern governance and suggests including hierarchies, market and network forms of governance. Metagovernance can be defined as a mutual, hybrid form of three ideal types of governance in the 21st century. The concept combines the best features of theory and governance practice from traditional public administration, new public management and postmodern forms of new public governance.

The analysis of public governance modernization and reform shows that public governance reform for each region and country has universality and specific features. Reform trajectories can be divided, described and explained as the trajectories of development methodology, mechanisms and instruments of ongoing reforms. The author, based on the opportunities of meta-analysis, classification and theoretic modeling methods, in the article seeks to indicate the essence of the main factors, trajectories and problems in the process of construction and implementation of public governance reform and modernization in the first decade of the 21st century. The aim of the article is to discuss and to show methodological aspects of the content of public governance reform and the impact of global change in a period of public governance evolution from the paradigm of the New Public Management to the New Public Governance. The author pays particular attention to the necessity to analyze and to explain the positions of theoretical constructs and to analyze the complexity of public governance reforms, as the modernization of bureaucratic form of governance, problems of centralization and decentralization, the creation of new innovative forms of inter-sector partnership, cross-sector interaction and the development of networking, hybrid organization as the modern form of creation of public value. Finally, the identification of content and complexity of public governance reform can help to define the main tendencies and trajectories, seeking to improve the quality of reform processes.

The analysis of public governance modernization and reform shows that public governance reform for each region and country has universality and specific features. Reform trajectories can be divided, described and explained as the trajectories of development methodology, mechanisms and instruments of ongoing reforms. The author, based on the opportunities of meta-analysis, classification and theoretic modeling methods, in the article seeks to indicate the essence of the main factors, trajectories and problems in the process of construction and implementation of public governance reform and modernization in the first decade of the 21st century. The aim of the article is to discuss and to show methodological aspects of the content of public governance reform and the impact of global change in a period of public governance evolution from the paradigm of the New Public Management to the New Public Governance. The author pays particular attention to the necessity to analyze and to explain the positions of theoretical constructs and to analyze the complexity of public governance reforms, as the modernization of bureaucratic form of governance, problems of centralization and decentralization, the creation of new innovative forms of inter-sector partnership, cross-sector interaction and the development of networking, hybrid organization as the modern form of creation of public value. Finally, the identification of content and complexity of public governance reform can help to define the main tendencies and trajectories, seeking to improve the quality of reform processes. ; Teoriniai-metodologiniai viešojo valdymo analizės, šiuolaikinių modernaus valdymo kaitos, reformų ir pokyčių globaliame pasaulyje tyrimai yra itin svarbūs šiuolaikinių politinių, administracinių, socialinių procesų sąveikos ir ryšių tarp jų, integracinių procesų pažinimo, interpretavimo kontekste, kai atsiranda naujos ryšių ir sąveikos tarp valstybės ir visuomenės valdymo institucijų ir piliečių formos. Visa tai yra globalaus valdymo institucinių struktūrų, jų dinamikos, veiklos valdymo praktikos tobulinimo esminės indikacijos, nuo kurių priklauso naujojo viešojo valdymo vystymosi tendencijos, modernizavimo iššūkiai ir naujų, pažangesnių ir inovatyvesnių valdymo formų įsitvirtinimas, rengiant ir įgyvendinant valstybės strategines nuostatas ir kryptis, įvairių lygių viešąsias programas, sujungiant visų valstybės sektorių, valdymo formų, struktūrinių darinių išteklių galimybes. Daugiausia dėmesio straipsnyje skiriama modernaus viešojo valdymo reformų sampratos, jų klasifikavimo pagal įvairius indikatorius, vidinės ir išorinės organizacijų aplinkos faktorių poveikio, reformų procesų sėkmės prielaidų, trukdžių identifikavimui, viešojo valdymo reformų tendencijų prognostiniam eksplanavimui.

Public policy is a process about selecting strategies and making choices. Public policy making include some steps – getting of agenda, policy formulation, policy adoptions, policy implementation. It must be also evaluated to see the intended results, to revise existing and future public programs and projects. Public policy can be studied as producing three types of policies (distributive, regulatory and re-distributive) related with decision making process. Public administration is the set of processes, structures, functions, methods and procedures. Public administration is the formulation and particularly implementation of public policy and the examination of the strategies and choices associated with that process. Public administration also can be defined as public programs and projects, profession and as academic field of study. There is no clear separation between administration and politics in the development of government policy and public administration. Administrators engage in political acts by recommending legislation as much as by making policy decisions in carrying out the laws. The administrators understanding of managerial issues and policies places them in a position of substantial expertise, while their knowledge of administrative and legal procedures helps them by suggesting ways of managing and enforcing the laws. The most modern forms of governance, administrative innovations allow us to assume that legislative and implementing contents of institutional activity today acquires new specific features. Executive bureaucratic structures using expert-consultation services, get more and more possibilities to really influence not only the implementation of policy and the estimation of activities, but also to directly influence the preparation of public sector directions and strategy. ; Straipsnyje pateikiama šiuolaikinė viešosios politikos ir viešojo administravimo samprata ir aptariama viešosios politikos ir viešojo administravimo sąveika bei dabartinių socialinių pokyčių sąlygotos raidos tendencijos. Akcentuojama administravimo politinio konteksto, viešųjų projektų ir programų valdymo modernizavimo, demokratinių procesų plėtros svarba šiuolaikiniame viešajame administravime. Analizuojamos naujos valdymo ir administravimo sistemos bei modeliai, aptariami nauji iššūkiai vadybos ir administravimo filosofijai, viešosios politikos programų ir projektų rengėjams.

The purpose of this article is to analyse theoretical-methodological aspects of preparing public organization for the implementation of transformational changes and improvement of organizational performance, establishing the preparing complexity in organization strategy directions. The process of preparing public organization for accepting a change includes many elements: analysis of internal and external environment, identification of different theoretic attitudes for improving organizational performance methodology, typology of changes and best modern governance practice cases. The main tasks of the study are to accentuate the impact features of global changes to public sector organization development and to identify the role of organizational culture and successful leadership ensuring the implementation of strategy tasks. The essential ingredients of preparing public organization to accept a change are the following: quality of global change analysis, identification of the need for modernization, reform and innovation, creation capabilities to improve performance management in all kinds and levels of governance structures. Additionally, preparing to accept a change requires development of new forms and levels of organizational leadership regulatory responsibilities, creation of new governance strategies and implementation of modern control methods. Public sector organizations in achieving the goals use network based strategies as a modern sophisticated form of strategic governance. The article describes preparing public organization to accept the change partly as the product of innovation installing in public governance. To understand the change typology and decomposition and its role in public governance modernization, from staff and all level organization managers requires to improve administration creativity, getting the abilities to install radical changes, avoiding risk and preparing new models for recovering change governance process. ; Straipsnyje analizuojamas viešųjų organizacijų veiklos tobulinimas XXI a. pradžioje yra tiesiogiai sietinas su valdymo kompleksiškumo įtvirtinimu valstybės institucinių sistemų funkcionavime. Itin svarbią vietą viešojo valdymo kompleksiškumo struktūroje užima institucinių, technologinių ir socialinių pokyčių valdymas, reikalaujantis iš viešojo sektoriaus organizacijų pasirengimo keisti tradicines viešojo valdymo vertybes, nusistovėjusias tradicijas, veiklos struktūrines-funkcines dimensijas. Globalios aplinkos sąlygos iš viešojo valdymo institucijų reikalauja radikalios organizacinių struktūrų transformacijos, itin plataus viešojo valdymo lygių ir rūšių lauko reformų. Straipsnyje, naudojant kompleksinio požiūrio į pokyčių valdymą instrumentines galimybes, taikant metaanalizės, sinektinį, teorinio modeliavimo, lyginamosios analizės, klasifikavimo, interpretacinius metodus, siekiama atskleisti strateginio valdymo, organizacinės kultūros, valdymo procesų kaitos modeliavimo lygmens reikšmę viešųjų organizacijų pasirengimo pokyčių valdymui elementams. Autoriaus pastangos yra sufokusuotos į viešųjų organizacijų veiklos kokybinių charakteristikų išskyrimą. Dominuojantis analizės vektorius yra vidinės ir išorinės organizacijų aplinkos skenavimo būtinumo išskyrimas, siekiant aiškiau identifikuoti veiksnius ir faktorius, nuo kurių priklauso organizacijų pasirengimo pokyčių valdymui kokybė, ir determinuojant indikatorius, būtinus vertinant pasirengimo pokyčių valdymui strategijas, programas, organizacinių sprendimų lygmenį bei organizacijų pasirengimo pokyčių valdymui modeliavimo kokybinius parametrus.

The article analyzed and summarized the challenges of resolving public policy implementation and public service delivery problems in the evolution of public sector changes – from new public management to new public governance – based on new ideological normative, values and complexity of interorganizational relations, network governance, new level of contract governance. The main goal and tasks of the article are to analyze the essence of strategic view and features in new public governance ideology, to explain the main problems and specific factors inhibiting strategic thinking and the mission of strategic thinking and strategic governance in the whole of public governance tools in the start of XXI century. The efforts to identify main indicators and criteria of new public governance are done in the article. However, to encompass a lot of formation, implementing and evaluating the first steps of new public governance, and generally to assess new public governance theoretical concepts and best practice as whole is impossible. The article attempts to contribute to this effort by presenting, explaining, describing the elements and factors of new public governance: the development of analytical leans for strategic thinking in decision making, better communication in interorganizational perspective, new level of requirements to democratic mediation of stakeholder interests, implementing social responsibility of organizations, the transparency and prevention of corruption at all levels and networks of governance. ; Straipsnyje analizuojami šiuolaikinio viešojo valdymo etapo pokyčiai, iš kurių svarbiausias yra naujosios viešosios vadybos kaip vadybinės ideologijos inkrementinis evoliucionavimas į naująjį (gerąjį) viešąjį valdymą. Straipsnyje išskiriamos naujojo viešojo valdymo indikatorių, sąlygojančių faktorių diagnozavimo galimybės, bandoma apibrėžti besiformuojančius teorinius naujojo viešojo valdymo dekompozicinius elementus. Siekiama identifikuoti esminius valdymo evoliucijos pokyčius, kryptis ir elementus – tokius kaip tarpsektorinę integraciją, tinklaveiką, įvairių rūšių ir formų bei struktūrų partnerystę, strateginio mąstymo ir veiklos kokybinius pokyčius ir naujojo viešojo valdymo strateginį pobūdį formuojant ir įgyvendinant viešąją politiką. Svarbiausia grandis, jungianti naujojo viešojo valdymo sisteminius elementus, yra valdymo demokratizavimo kryptingumas, humanizuojantis valdymo procesus, metodus, akcentuojantis viešojo valdymo struktūrų, vadovų ir viešojo sektoriaus vadybininkų socialinę atsakomybę už piliečių – tiesioginių viešųjų paslaugų gavėjų – vilčių ir lūkesčių realizavimą.

The methodology of public governance has only been analysed recently. The methodology of public governance consists of a collection of concepts, ideas, reforms, degrees and other problems of theory. The role of methodology is important in the field as applied, practical and interdisciplinary as public governance. The study analyses how public administration theory developed at the end of the twentieth and at the start of the twenty-first century. The article examines the theories of public sector practice, such as theories on public organization behaviour, public management, and public policy implementation in a global environment. Theories on bureaucratic politics seek to explain how the politics–administration dichotomy is transforming from the traditional theoretical framework to the new democratic systematic framework and to a new understanding of public governance democratization, which is central in today's organizational theory. The primary issue addressed in the article is the development of public administration and governance theory in the period of globalization and modernization, and changes in the definition of the role of theory in public governance. ; Straipsnyje analizuojama šiuolaikinio viešojo valdymo metodologijos galimybės tobulinant viešųjų institucijų veiklą, efektyvinant viešosios politikos ir viešųjų programų bei projektų įgyvendinimą. Daugiausia dėmesio yra skiriama bendrųjų sociologinių ir specifinių viešojo valdymo teorijų vietai ir vaidmeniui demokratizuojant viešąjį valdymą šiuolaikinėmis globalizacijos sąlygomis. Valdymo demokratizavimo metodologijos problema aptariama remiantis visuotinai viešojo valdymo teorijoje priimta nuostata, kad metodologija (Ch. E. Lindblom, J. E. Lane, J. Dewey, D. Easton ir kt.) suprantama kaip mokslinių tyrinėjimų srities tyrimo logika ir kaip organizacijų bei individų praktinės-intelektualinės veiklos logika.

The article analizes modern step of public governance process evaluation as managerial practice and academic field of research. Essential theoretical-methodological research projections are focused to explain, determinate conditions, internal and external factors of new public governance as new historical construct of public administration. Using meta-analysis methodology the article's aims are: to detail new public governance indicators and features, to introduce the position of world famous public governance theorists, related with theoretical and practical problems of performance management, implementation innovations in public sector and the development of public governance democratization ideology.[.]

The article analizes modern step of public governance process evaluation as managerial practice and academic field of research. Essential theoretical-methodological research projections are focused to explain, determinate conditions, internal and external factors of new public governance as new historical construct of public administration. Using meta-analysis methodology the article's aims are: to detail new public governance indicators and features, to introduce the position of world famous public governance theorists, related with theoretical and practical problems of performance management, implementation innovations in public sector and the development of public governance democratization ideology.[.]

The article analizes modern step of public governance process evaluation as managerial practice and academic field of research. Essential theoretical-methodological research projections are focused to explain, determinate conditions, internal and external factors of new public governance as new historical construct of public administration. Using meta-analysis methodology the article's aims are: to detail new public governance indicators and features, to introduce the position of world famous public governance theorists, related with theoretical and practical problems of performance management, implementation innovations in public sector and the development of public governance democratization ideology.[.]

The article analizes modern step of public governance process evaluation as managerial practice and academic field of research. Essential theoretical-methodological research projections are focused to explain, determinate conditions, internal and external factors of new public governance as new historical construct of public administration. Using meta-analysis methodology the article's aims are: to detail new public governance indicators and features, to introduce the position of world famous public governance theorists, related with theoretical and practical problems of performance management, implementation innovations in public sector and the development of public governance democratization ideology.[.]